/* ============================================================
   DFS Lab — styles.css
   Design system, layout, components
   ============================================================ */


/* ============================================================
   1. DESIGN TOKENS
   ============================================================ */
:root {
  /* --- Colors: derived from DFS Lab logo --- */
  --color-accent:        #5B8DC5;   /* Steel blue — primary accent */
  --color-accent-hover:  #4070A8;   /* Steel blue darkened for hover */
  --color-blue:          #5B8DC5;   /* Alias */
  --color-blue-hover:    #4070A8;
  --color-powder:        #A9CCE8;   /* Powder blue — muted / tag */

  /* --- Neutrals --- */
  --color-bg:            #F9F9F7;   /* Off-white page background */
  --color-surface:       #FFFFFF;   /* Card / elevated surface */
  --color-border:        #E5E5E2;   /* Subtle dividers */
  --color-border-hover:  #C8C8C4;

  /* --- Text --- */
  --color-text-primary:  #1A1A1A;
  --color-text-secondary:#555550;
  --color-text-muted:    #555550;

  /* --- Typography --- */
  --font-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
               Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-display: 'Space Grotesk', 'IBM Plex Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
  --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code',
               'Source Code Pro', Menlo, Consolas, monospace;

  --text-xs:   0.75rem;    /* 12px */
  --text-sm:   1rem;       /* 16px */
  --text-base: 1rem;       /* 16px */
  --text-md:   1.125rem;   /* 18px */
  --text-lg:   1.375rem;   /* 22px */
  --text-xl:   1.75rem;    /* 28px */
  --text-2xl:  2.25rem;    /* 36px */
  --text-3xl:  3rem;       /* 48px */

  /* --- Spacing (4-point grid) --- */
  --sp-1:  0.25rem;
  --sp-2:  0.5rem;
  --sp-3:  0.75rem;
  --sp-4:  1rem;
  --sp-5:  1.25rem;
  --sp-6:  1.5rem;
  --sp-8:  2rem;
  --sp-10: 2.5rem;
  --sp-12: 3rem;
  --sp-16: 4rem;
  --sp-20: 5rem;
  --sp-24: 6rem;

  /* --- Layout --- */
  --container-max:     1380px;
  --container-padding: var(--sp-10);

  /* --- Misc --- */
  --radius-sm: 4px;
  --radius-md: 8px;
  --transition: 180ms ease;
}

@property --pillar-card-top {
  syntax: "<length-percentage>";
  inherits: true;
  initial-value: 0px;
}

@property --pillar-body-top {
  syntax: "<length-percentage>";
  inherits: true;
  initial-value: 0px;
}


/* ============================================================
   2. RESET & BASE
   ============================================================ */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  font-size: 16px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  overflow-x: clip; /* prevent 100vw media strip from triggering horizontal scroll */
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

img, svg {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

ul, ol {
  list-style: none;
}

button {
  cursor: pointer;
  font: inherit;
  border: none;
  background: none;
}

/* Focus styles — visible for keyboard nav */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}


/* ============================================================
   3. TYPOGRAPHY SCALE
   ============================================================ */
.heading-xl {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.2vw, 2.65rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.heading-l {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.5vw, var(--text-2xl));
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.heading-m {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.heading-s {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-lg);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.body-text {
  font-size: var(--text-md);
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.body-text-sm {
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.meta-text {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.label-text {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}


/* ============================================================
   4. LAYOUT UTILITIES
   ============================================================ */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--container-padding);
}

.page-section {
  padding-block: var(--sp-20);
}

.page-section--sm {
  padding-block: var(--sp-12);
}

.page-section--lg {
  padding-block: var(--sp-24);
}

.section-header {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-12);
}

.section-header .label-text {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}

.section-header .heading-l {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
  max-width: 760px;
}

.section-header .body-text {
  max-width: 600px;
}

.divider {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin-block: 0;
}

/* Grid helpers */
.grid-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: var(--sp-6);
}

.grid-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: var(--sp-6);
}

.grid-auto {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-5);
}


/* ============================================================
   5. HEADER & NAV
   ============================================================ */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background-color: rgba(249, 249, 247, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.site-header .container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  position: relative;
  min-height: 96px;
  padding-block: var(--sp-3);
}

/* Logo / wordmark */
.nav-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.logo-mark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.4rem;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.logo-mark__cursor {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  animation: logo-cursor-blink 18s linear infinite;
  margin-right: 3px;
}

.logo-mark__cursor--static {
  animation: none;
}

.nav-links__item--lab {
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

.nav-links__item--lab:hover,
.nav-links__item--lab.active {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.logo-mark__text {
  display: inline-block;
}

.logo-mark--footer {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

@keyframes logo-cursor-blink {
  0%, 96.3% {
    opacity: 1;
  }

  96.31%, 98.15% {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  98.16%, 100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

/* Desktop nav links */
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-8);
}

@media (min-width: 769px) {
  #main-nav {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
}

.nav-links__item {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}

.nav-links__item:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.nav-links__item.active {
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.nav-links__item.active::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -4px;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* Hamburger button — hidden on desktop */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  gap: 5px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: background var(--transition);
}

.nav-toggle:hover {
  background: var(--color-border);
}

.nav-toggle__bar {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--color-text-primary);
  border-radius: 1px;
  transition: transform var(--transition), opacity var(--transition);
}

/* Hamburger open state */
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle__bar:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg);
}
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle__bar:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle__bar:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg);
}


/* ============================================================
   6. FOOTER
   ============================================================ */
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding-block: var(--sp-12);
  margin-top: auto;
}

.site-footer .container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-8);
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.footer-brand {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  max-width: 320px;
}

.footer-brand__logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-brand__tagline {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  align-self: flex-start;
}

.footer-links__heading {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-1);
}

.footer-links a {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.footer-bottom {
  margin-top: var(--sp-10);
  padding-top: var(--sp-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.footer-bottom p {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}


/* ============================================================
   7. HERO
   ============================================================ */
.hero {
  padding-block: var(--sp-24) var(--sp-20);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.hero__eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-5);
}

.hero__title {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
  text-wrap: balance;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3.4vw, 2.35rem);
}

.hero__title em {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: inherit;
  font-size: 1em;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

.hero__body {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--text-md);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.hero__media {
  position: relative;
  width: 100vw;
  margin-inline: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-block: var(--sp-10) var(--sp-6);
  height: clamp(88px, 11.8vw, 138px);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--color-offblack);
}

.hero__media::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  background: rgba(216, 213, 201, 0.15);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero__media video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 42%;
  filter: grayscale(1);
}

.hero__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  align-items: center;
}

.hero__actions .btn {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Inner hero (subpages) */
.hero--inner {
  padding-block: var(--sp-16) var(--sp-12);
}

.hero--inner .hero__title {
  max-width: 620px;
}

.hero--inner .hero__body {
  max-width: 520px;
}


/* ============================================================
   8. BUTTONS & LINKS
   ============================================================ */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-6);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition),
              border-color var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.btn--primary {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-accent);
}

.btn--primary:hover {
  background: var(--color-accent-hover);
  border-color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

.btn--secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-hover);
}

.btn--secondary:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

.btn--white {
  background: #fff;
  color: #0a0f1a;
  border: 1px solid #fff;
}

.btn--white:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  color: #0a0f1a;
}

/* Inline text link */
.text-link {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.text-link:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.text-link--arrow::after {
  content: ' →';
  display: inline;
}


/* ============================================================
   9. CARDS
   ============================================================ */

/* --- Base card --- */
.card {
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  transition: border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.card:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

/* --- Portfolio card --- */
.card--portfolio {
  display: block;
}

.card--portfolio .card__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: calc(var(--text-base) * 1.5);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-align: left;
  display: inline;
  margin-right: var(--sp-2);
}

.card--portfolio .card__name a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.card--portfolio .card__name a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.card--portfolio .card__tags {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  justify-content: flex-start;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.card--portfolio .card__desc {
  display: block;
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
  flex: 1;
  margin-top: var(--sp-3);
}

/* --- Tag pill --- */
.tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 2px var(--sp-3);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.3;
  background: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.2);
  color: var(--color-blue);
  border: 1px solid rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.4);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.tag--teal {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.15);
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  border-color: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.35);
}

.tag--type {
  background: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.22);
  color: var(--color-blue);
  border-color: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.42);
}

/* --- Team card --- */
.card--team {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
}

.card--team .card__name {
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.card--team .card__role {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: calc(var(--sp-1) * -1);
}

.card--team .card__bio {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* --- Knowledge / writing card --- */
.card--knowledge {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.card--knowledge:hover .card__title {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.card--knowledge .card__meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.card--knowledge .card__title {
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  line-height: 1.4;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.card--knowledge .card__excerpt {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* External link indicator */
.card--knowledge[target="_blank"] .card__title::after {
  content: ' ↗';
  font-size: 0.8em;
  opacity: 0.6;
}


/* ============================================================
   10. HOMEPAGE SECTIONS
   ============================================================ */

/* Stats bar */
.stats-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-8) var(--sp-16);
  padding-block: var(--sp-12);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.stat__number {
  font-size: var(--text-2xl);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.stat__label {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  margin-top: var(--sp-1);
}

/* Thesis panels — horizontal expanding (light theme) */
.thesis-pillars {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  position: relative;
  height: 490px;
  min-height: 490px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.thesis-pillar {
  flex: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: none;
  transition: flex 0.65s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.thesis-pillar:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}

.thesis-pillars__media {
  display: none;
}

/* Desktop experiment: keep panels fixed-width and move content upward on open. */
@media (min-width: 1201px) {
  .thesis-pillar {
    position: relative;
    --pillar-card-top: calc(var(--pillar-banner-height) + clamp(16px, 1.5vw, 24px));
    --pillar-body-top: calc(var(--pillar-banner-height) + clamp(16px, 1.5vw, 24px) + 136px);
    transition: flex 0.65s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
                --pillar-card-top 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
                --pillar-body-top 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: calc(50% - 50vw);
    width: 100vw;
    height: var(--pillar-banner-height);
    background: rgba(216, 213, 201, 0.04);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars__media {
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: calc(50% - 50vw);
    width: 100vw;
    height: var(--pillar-banner-height);
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: var(--color-offblack);
    background-image: url('../video/pillar-port-poster-bw.jpg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center 42%;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 0;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars__media video {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center 42%;
    filter: grayscale(1);
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars {
    --pillar-banner-height: calc(clamp(88px, 11.8vw, 138px) + var(--sp-16));
    border-top: none;
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: var(--pillar-card-top);
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 1;
    background: var(--color-bg);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars details[open].thesis-pillar::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: var(--pillar-card-top);
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: calc(var(--pillar-banner-height) - var(--pillar-card-top));
    background-image:
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border));
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 1px 100%;
    background-position:
      left top,
      right top;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 3;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: var(--pillar-banner-height);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: calc(-1 * var(--sp-4) - 1px);
    background-image:
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border));
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: 1px 100%;
    background-position:
      left top,
      25% top,
      50% top,
      75% top,
      right top;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 3;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(1):not([open]):hover)::after,
  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(2):not([open]):hover)::after,
  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(3):not([open]):hover)::after,
  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(4):not([open]):hover)::after {
    background-image:
      linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border)),
      linear-gradient(var(--color-border), var(--color-border));
    background-size:
      25% 100%,
      1px 100%,
      1px 100%,
      1px 100%,
      1px 100%,
      1px 100%;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(1):not([open]):hover)::after {
    background-position:
      left top,
      left top,
      25% top,
      50% top,
      75% top,
      right top;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(2):not([open]):hover)::after {
    background-position:
      33.333333% top,
      left top,
      25% top,
      50% top,
      75% top,
      right top;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(3):not([open]):hover)::after {
    background-position:
      66.666667% top,
      left top,
      25% top,
      50% top,
      75% top,
      right top;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars:has(.thesis-pillar:nth-of-type(4):not([open]):hover)::after {
    background-position:
      right top,
      left top,
      25% top,
      50% top,
      75% top,
      right top;
  }

  .thesis-pillars:has(details[open]) .thesis-pillar {
    flex: 1 1 0;
  }

  .thesis-pillars details[open].thesis-pillar {
    --pillar-card-top: clamp(16px, 1.5vw, 24px);
    --pillar-body-top: 174px;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__header {
    position: relative;
    flex: 1;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__label {
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(var(--pillar-card-top) + var(--sp-6));
    right: var(--sp-6);
    left: var(--sp-6);
    z-index: 2;
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .thesis-pillar .thesis-pillar__body {
    position: absolute;
    top: var(--pillar-body-top);
    right: var(--sp-6);
    bottom: var(--sp-6);
    left: var(--sp-6);
    display: block !important;
    grid-template-rows: none;
    opacity: 0;
    z-index: 2;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  }

  .thesis-pillars:has(details[open]) details[open].thesis-pillar .thesis-pillar__body {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
  }

  .thesis-pillars details[open].thesis-pillar .thesis-pillar__header {
    flex: 1;
  }

  .thesis-pillars details[open].thesis-pillar .thesis-pillar__body-inner {
    padding: 0;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar {
    border-bottom: none;
  }

}

.thesis-pillar__header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  padding: var(--sp-8) var(--sp-6) calc(var(--sp-8) + 4px);
  flex: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  min-width: 64px;
  transition: flex 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
              padding 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.thesis-pillar__header::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.thesis-pillar__header::marker { display: none; }

.thesis-pillar__label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  margin-top: auto;
  transition: margin-top 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.thesis-pillar__num {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.thesis-pillar__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.75rem);
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.08;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  transition: color 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
              transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  white-space: nowrap;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.thesis-pillar__title::after {
  content: '_';
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.08em;
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(-0.08em);
  transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease;
}

.thesis-pillar:hover .thesis-pillar__title,
details[open] .thesis-pillar__header .thesis-pillar__title {
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.thesis-pillar:hover .thesis-pillar__title::after,
details[open] .thesis-pillar__header .thesis-pillar__title::after {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateX(0);
}

/* Pillar illustration: absolute background behind body content */
.thesis-pillar__img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  z-index: 0;
}

.thesis-pillar__img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.thesis-pillar__img--placeholder {
  border: 1px dashed var(--color-border-hover);
}

/* Per-pillar focal point tuning */
.thesis-pillar:nth-child(1) .thesis-pillar__img img { object-position: 70% center; }
.thesis-pillar:nth-child(2) .thesis-pillar__img img { object-position: 55% center; }
.thesis-pillar:nth-child(3) .thesis-pillar__img img { object-position: center 82%; }
.thesis-pillar:nth-child(4) .thesis-pillar__img img { object-position: center 52%; }

/* Hide toggle in horizontal layout — hover handles it */
.thesis-pillar__toggle {
  display: none;
}


/* Smooth body reveal.
   display: grid !important overrides UA stylesheet's
   details:not([open]) > :not(summary) { display: none }
   so the grid-template-rows transition fires on both open AND close. */
.thesis-pillar__body {
  display: grid !important;
  grid-template-rows: 0fr;
  transition: grid-template-rows 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

details[open] .thesis-pillar__body {
  grid-template-rows: 1fr;
}

.thesis-pillar__body-inner {
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  padding: var(--sp-8) var(--sp-6);
  min-height: 340px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Gradient overlay: solid bg on left for text legibility, fades to reveal image */
.thesis-pillar__body-inner::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--color-bg) 32%, transparent 70%);
  z-index: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.thesis-pillar__text {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: 55%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-6);
}

.thesis-pillar__desc {
  font-size: var(--text-md);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.7;
  max-width: 560px;
  padding-top: var(--sp-1);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature {
  display: block;
  max-width: 560px;
  padding: var(--sp-4) 0;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature:hover {
  background: transparent;
}

.thesis-pillar__feature:hover .thesis-pillar__feature-name {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature-label {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature-name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature-name::after {
  content: '↗';
  margin-left: 0.45em;
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature:hover .thesis-pillar__feature-name::after {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.thesis-pillar__feature-fit {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

.thesis-pillar__founders {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.thesis-pillar__founders span + span::before {
  content: " · ";
}

@media (min-width: 1201px) {
  .thesis-pillar__founders span {
    display: block;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__founders span + span::before {
    content: "";
  }

  details[open] .thesis-pillar__text {
    gap: var(--sp-4);
  }
}


/* Highlighted section (tinted bg) */
.section--tinted {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.04);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

/* Highlight rows (homepage featured items) */
.highlight-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
}

.highlight-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: var(--sp-6);
  padding-block: var(--sp-5);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: background var(--transition);
}

.highlight-item:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.highlight-item:hover {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.03);
}

.highlight-item:hover .highlight-item__name {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.highlight-item--article:hover {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.04);
}

.highlight-item--article .meta-text {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
}

.highlight-item--static {
  cursor: default;
}

.highlight-item--static:hover {
  background: transparent;
}

.highlight-item--static:hover .highlight-item__name {
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.highlight-item__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  transition: color var(--transition);
  flex: 0 0 180px;
  max-width: 180px;
  white-space: normal;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.highlight-item__desc {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  flex: 1;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.highlight-item__arrow {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: transform var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.highlight-item:hover .highlight-item__arrow {
  transform: translateX(3px);
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* CTA section */
.section--cta {
  text-align: center;
  padding-block: var(--sp-24);
}

.section--cta .heading-l {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

.section--cta .body-text {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.section--cta .btn {
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.about-coverage {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
}

.about-coverage__map-card {
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.04), rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.01));
}

.about-coverage__map-card .label-text {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

.about-coverage__map {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.about-coverage__map svg,
.about-coverage__map img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.about-coverage__map--real {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  aspect-ratio: 2.45 / 1;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.about-coverage__map--real img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto auto 0;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  filter: saturate(0) brightness(1.05);
  opacity: 0.48;
}



.map-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto auto 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 2 / 1;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pin-dot {
  fill: var(--color-accent);
}

.pin-pulse {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--color-accent);
  stroke-width: 14;
  opacity: 0;
  transform-box: fill-box;
  transform-origin: center;
  animation: pin-pulse 2.8s ease-out infinite;
}

.pin-pulse--2 { animation-delay: 0.7s; }
.pin-pulse--3 { animation-delay: 1.4s; }
.pin-pulse--4 { animation-delay: 2.1s; }
.pin-pulse--5 { animation-delay: 2.8s; }

@keyframes pin-pulse {
  0%   { transform: scale(1);   opacity: 0.6; }
  100% { transform: scale(3);   opacity: 0; }
}

.pin-label {
  font-size: 96px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-weight: 600;
  fill: #000000;
  opacity: 0.92;
}

.pin-label--left {
  text-anchor: end;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .pin-label { display: none; }
}


/* ============================================================
   11. THESIS PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.thesis-section {
  padding-block: var(--sp-16);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.thesis-section:last-of-type {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.thesis-section__number {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

.thesis-section__title {
  max-width: 560px;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}

.thesis-section__body {
  max-width: 640px;
}

.thesis-section__body p {
  font-size: var(--text-md);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-5);
}

.thesis-section__body p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.thesis-section__body strong {
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Two-column on wider screens */
@media (min-width: 720px) {
  .thesis-section--split {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: var(--sp-16);
    align-items: start;
  }

  .thesis-section--split .thesis-section__body {
    max-width: none;
  }
}


/* ============================================================
   12. PORTFOLIO PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.portfolio-filters {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-10);
}

.filter-btn {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  padding: 2px var(--sp-3);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-border-hover);
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition);
}

.filter-btn:hover,
.filter-btn.active {
  border-color: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.4);
  color: var(--color-blue);
  background: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.2);
}

.lab-filters .filter-btn {
  border-color: var(--color-border);
  color: var(--color-border-hover);
  background: transparent;
}

.lab-filters .filter-btn:hover,
.lab-filters .filter-btn.active {
  border-color: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.4);
  color: var(--color-blue);
  background: rgba(169, 204, 232, 0.2);
}

.lab-filters {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-10);
}

.page-lab .section-header {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}

.lab-section-label {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
}

.section-header .lab-section-label {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.portfolio-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-5);
}


/* ============================================================
   13. TEAM PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.team-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-6);
}

.advisors-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-4);
}

.card--advisor {
  padding: var(--sp-5);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

.card--advisor .card__name {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-1);
}

.card--advisor .card__role {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.5;
}


/* ============================================================
   14. KNOWLEDGE PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.knowledge-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.knowledge-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: var(--sp-6);
  align-items: start;
  padding-block: var(--sp-6);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: background var(--transition);
}

.knowledge-item:hover {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.03);
}

.knowledge-item:hover .knowledge-item__title {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.knowledge-item__tags {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.knowledge-item__byline {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  margin-top: var(--sp-2);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-5);
}

.knowledge-item__title {
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.knowledge-item__excerpt {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.65;
  max-width: 620px;
}

.knowledge-item__arrow {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: var(--text-lg);
  align-self: center;
  transition: transform var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.knowledge-item:hover .knowledge-item__arrow {
  transform: translateX(3px);
  color: var(--color-accent);
}


/* ============================================================
   14b. PROJECT CARDS (lab.html research highlights)
   ============================================================ */
.projects-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--sp-6);
  --project-image-bleed: max(
    var(--container-padding),
    calc((100vw - var(--container-max)) / 2 + var(--container-padding))
  );
}

.project-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--color-surface);
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.project-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.project-card__image {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.page-lab .project-card {
  overflow: visible;
}

.page-lab .project-card__image {
  height: calc(clamp(88px, 11.8vw, 138px) + var(--sp-16));
  aspect-ratio: auto;
}

.page-lab .projects-grid .project-card:first-child .project-card__image {
  width: calc(100% + var(--project-image-bleed));
  margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--project-image-bleed));
}

.page-lab .projects-grid .project-card:nth-child(2) .project-card__image {
  width: calc(100% + var(--project-image-bleed));
}

.project-card__image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 300ms ease;
}

.project-card__body {
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  flex: 1;
}

.project-card__label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.project-card__label-underscore {
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.project-card:hover .project-card__label-underscore {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.project-card__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  line-height: 1.2;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.project-card:hover .project-card__title {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.project-card__desc {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.65;
  flex: 1;
}

.project-card__cta {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-top: var(--sp-2);
}

.project-card__cta::after {
  content: ' \2192';
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .projects-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .page-lab .projects-grid .project-card:first-child .project-card__image,
  .page-lab .projects-grid .project-card:nth-child(2) .project-card__image {
    width: 100vw;
    margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--container-padding));
    height: calc(clamp(72px, 18vw, 108px) + var(--sp-12));
  }
}


/* ============================================================
   15. 404 PAGE
   ============================================================ */
.page-404 {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  min-height: 60vh;
  padding-block: var(--sp-24);
  gap: var(--sp-5);
}

.page-404__code {
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-border-hover);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.page-404__title {
  font-size: var(--text-2xl);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

.page-404__body {
  font-size: var(--text-md);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  max-width: 440px;
}


/* ============================================================
   16. RESPONSIVE — MOBILE
   ============================================================ */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Nav: logo pushes to left, hamburger sits on the right */
  .nav-brand {
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: flex;
    order: 1; /* after nav in DOM but visually last */
  }

  .nav-links {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 64px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    background: var(--color-bg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    padding: var(--sp-4) 0;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  }

  .nav-links.is-open {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav-links__item {
    padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-6);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  }

  .nav-links__item.active {
    border-left-color: var(--color-accent);
    color: var(--color-accent);
    background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.04);
  }

  .nav-links__item.active::after {
    display: none;
  }

  /* Hero */
  .hero {
    padding-block: var(--sp-16) var(--sp-12);
  }

  /* Grids → single column */
  .grid-2,
  .grid-3 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  /* Highlight item stacks */
  .highlight-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--sp-1);
    padding-block: var(--sp-4);
  }

  .highlight-item__name {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    max-width: none;
    min-width: auto;
  }

  .about-coverage {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .highlight-item__arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  .page-section {
    padding-block: var(--sp-10);
  }

  .page-section--sm {
    padding-block: var(--sp-8);
  }

  .page-section--lg {
    padding-block: var(--sp-12);
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
  }

  /* Stats */
  .stats-bar {
    gap: var(--sp-6) var(--sp-10);
  }

  /* Thesis split off */
  .thesis-section--split {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
  }

  /* Footer */
  .site-footer .container {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--sp-8);
  }

  /* Knowledge item */
  .knowledge-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .knowledge-item__arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  /* Container padding — was 2.5rem (40px/side), too wide on phones */
  :root {
    --container-padding: var(--sp-5);
  }

  /* Hero title: reduce min size and switch from balance (can overflow on mobile) */
  .heading-xl {
    font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 5.5vw, 1.75rem);
  }

  .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 5.5vw, 1.55rem);
    text-wrap: pretty;
  }

  /* Heading sizes */
  .heading-m {
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 5.5vw, 1.75rem);
  }

  /* CTA section vertical padding */
  .section--cta {
    padding-block: var(--sp-16);
  }

  /* Inner hero (portfolio/team/lab subpages) */
  .hero--inner {
    padding-block: var(--sp-10) var(--sp-8);
  }

  /* Stats bar — number size down from 2.25rem */
  .stat__number {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
  }

  /* Project card title — down from 1.75rem */
  .project-card__title {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
  }

  /* Footer */
  .site-footer {
    padding-block: var(--sp-8);
  }

}

/* Thesis pillars — vertical click accordion below 1200px
   (tablet / narrow laptop / mobile all get the same stacked layout) */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .thesis-pillars {
    display: block;
    height: auto;
    min-height: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  .thesis-pillar {
    display: block;
    flex: none;
    overflow: visible;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    cursor: default;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__header {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    padding: var(--sp-6) var(--sp-4);
    flex: none;
    min-width: 0;
    gap: var(--sp-4);
  }

  .thesis-pillar__label {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--sp-4);
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__num {
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__title {
    white-space: normal;
    margin-top: 0;
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2rem);
  }

  /* Show +/- toggle */
  .thesis-pillar__toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-left: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
  }

  .thesis-pillar__toggle::before {
    content: '+';
  }

  details[open] .thesis-pillar__toggle::before {
    content: '−';
  }

  .thesis-pillar__body-inner {
    min-height: 380px;
    padding: var(--sp-6) var(--sp-4) var(--sp-8);
  }

  .thesis-pillar__body-inner::before {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--color-bg) 35%, transparent 72%);
  }

  .thesis-pillar__img {
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 0;
    -webkit-mask-image: none;
    mask-image: none;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__text {
    max-width: 100%;
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .thesis-pillar__feature {
    padding: var(--sp-4) var(--sp-5);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  }

  .thesis-pillar__feature:hover {
    background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.03);
    border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
  }

}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  :root {
    --container-padding: var(--sp-4);
  }

  .hero {
    padding-block: var(--sp-12) var(--sp-10);
  }

  .page-section {
    padding-block: var(--sp-12);
  }

  .page-section--lg {
    padding-block: var(--sp-16);
  }

  .portfolio-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .heading-m {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
  }

  .stats-bar {
    gap: var(--sp-5) var(--sp-8);
  }

  .section--cta {
    padding-block: var(--sp-12);
  }
}




/* ============================================================
   20. THEME: MONO
   Inspired by "Monochrome Abstract" deck aesthetic:
   warm stone background, thin Space Grotesk headings,
   flat left-aligned layout, dark SVG panel in footer only.
   ============================================================ */

/* ------ 20a. Design tokens ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] {
  --color-accent:        #5B8DC5;
  --color-accent-hover:  #5B8DC5;
  --color-blue:          #5B8DC5;
  --color-blue-hover:    #5B8DC5;
  --color-powder:        rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.16);

  --color-bg:            #D8D5C9;   /* warm beige */
  --color-surface:       #D8D5C9;   /* cards sit on same beige */
  --color-border:        rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
  --color-border-hover:  rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.36);

  --color-text-primary:  #000000;
  --color-text-secondary:#090909;
  --color-text-muted:    rgba(9, 9, 9, 0.68);

  --mono-dark:           #090909;
  --mono-dark-text:      #FFFFFF;
  --mono-dark-secondary: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  --mono-dark-muted:     rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.52);
}

/* ------ 20b. Header: flat stone, thin bottom rule ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .site-header {
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  backdrop-filter: none;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .site-header .container {
  height: 56px;
}

/* ------ 20c. Logo: no dark box, blue cursor, near-black text ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .logo-mark {
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .logo-mark__cursor {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .logo-mark--footer {
  color: var(--mono-dark-text);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .logo-mark--footer .logo-mark__cursor {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ------ 20d. Nav links ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .nav-links__item {
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .nav-links__item:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .nav-links__item--lab {
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .nav-links__item.active {
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

/* ------ 20e. Typography: Space Grotesk 300, large scale ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .heading-xl,
[data-theme="mono"] .heading-l,
[data-theme="mono"] .heading-m,
[data-theme="mono"] .heading-s {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .heading-xl {
  font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 6.5vw, 6.5rem);
  line-height: 1.0;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .heading-l {
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .heading-m {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .heading-s {
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .body-text {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--text-md);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Labels stay in the mono/logo voice. */
[data-theme="mono"] .label-text {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* ------ 20f. Hero: heading pinned top, body/actions pushed bottom ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .hero {
  min-height: 0;
  display: block;
  padding-block: var(--sp-16);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  position: relative;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero > .container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

/* Decorative corner: satellite SVG crop, different portion per page */
[data-theme="mono"] .hero::after {
  content: none;
}

/* Each page shows a different crop of the satellite image */
[data-theme="mono"] body.page-portfolio .hero::after {
  background-position: 78% 12%;
}

[data-theme="mono"] body.page-team .hero::after {
  background-position: 10% 72%;
}

[data-theme="mono"] body.page-lab .hero::after {
  background-position: 62% 85%;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__title {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__title em {
  font-weight: inherit;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__body {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  max-width: 560px;
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__media {
  margin-block: calc(-1 * var(--sp-16)) var(--sp-16);
  height: calc(clamp(88px, 11.8vw, 138px) + var(--sp-16));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__title + .hero__body {
  margin-top: var(--sp-8);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero__body + .hero__actions {
  margin-top: var(--sp-8);
}

/* Inner hero on subpages: reset to block flow, no flex push */
[data-theme="mono"] .hero--inner {
  min-height: 0;
  padding-block: var(--sp-16) var(--sp-12);
  display: block;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero--inner > .container {
  display: block;
  min-height: 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero--inner .hero__title {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .hero--inner .hero__body {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ------ 20g. Sections: thin top rule, heading near the top ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .page-section {
  padding-block: var(--sp-16);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .divider + .page-section {
  border-top: none;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .page-section:has(.thesis-pillars) {
  padding-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  [data-theme="mono"] .page-section:has(.thesis-pillars) {
    padding-bottom: var(--sp-10);
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .section-header:has(+ .thesis-pillars) {
    margin-bottom: var(--sp-10);
  }
}

[data-theme="mono"] .page-section--sm {
  padding-block: var(--sp-12);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .section-header {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-16);
}

[data-theme="mono"] body.page-lab .section-header {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .section-header .label-text {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .section-header .heading-l {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}

/* ------ 20h. Tinted sections: same stone, defined by border only ------ */
/* In PDF aesthetic, interior slides are all stone; dark panels are decorative/structural */
[data-theme="mono"] .section--tinted {
  background: var(--color-bg);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-bottom: none;
}

/* CTA: left-align instead of centered */
[data-theme="mono"] .section--cta {
  text-align: left;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .section--cta .body-text {
  margin-inline: 0;
  max-width: 560px;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .section--cta .btn {
  margin-inline: 0;
}

/* ------ 20i. Map: grayscale on stone bg ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .about-coverage__map--real img {
  filter: saturate(0) brightness(1.28) contrast(0.72);
  opacity: 0.34;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .about-coverage__country-name {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .about-coverage__map-card {
  background: transparent;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .pin-label {
  fill: #000000;
  opacity: 0.95;
}

/* ------ 20j. Buttons ------ */
/* Primary: near-black fill on stone — strong contrast */
[data-theme="mono"] .btn--primary {
  background: var(--color-text-primary);
  border-color: var(--color-text-primary);
  color: var(--color-bg);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .btn--primary:hover {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .btn--secondary {
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .btn--secondary:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-text-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
  background: transparent;
}

/* On hero (stone bg), white btn = dark fill to match primary */
[data-theme="mono"] .btn--white {
  background: var(--color-text-primary);
  border-color: var(--color-text-primary);
  color: var(--color-bg);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .btn--white:hover {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--color-text-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

/* ------ 20k. Cards: flat, no surface, bottom-border only ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .card {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  padding: var(--sp-6) 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card:hover {
  box-shadow: none;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

/* Role/category label: muted gray, matches PDF "First thing" style */
[data-theme="mono"] .card__role {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card__desc,
[data-theme="mono"] .card__bio {
  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card--portfolio {
  padding: var(--sp-5) 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card--portfolio .card__name {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card--portfolio .card__name a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card--team {
  padding: var(--sp-6) 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .card--advisor {
  border: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  padding: var(--sp-4) 0;
}

/* ------ 20l. Tags ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .tag {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.1);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.25);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .filter-btn:hover,
[data-theme="mono"] .filter-btn.active,
[data-theme="mono"] .lab-filters .filter-btn:hover,
[data-theme="mono"] .lab-filters .filter-btn.active {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.1);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.25);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .tag--teal {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.12);
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  border-color: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.3);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .tag--type {
  background: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.1);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: rgba(91, 141, 197, 0.25);
}

/* ------ 20m. Thesis pillars ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

@media (min-width: 1201px) {
  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillars {
    border-top: none;
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar {
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: none;
  }
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__header {
  padding-bottom: calc(var(--sp-8) + 6px);
}

/* Pillar numbers: muted, monospace — matches PDF numbered labels */
[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-weight: 400;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.12;
  color: var(--color-text-primary);
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  [data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__header {
    padding-top: 12px;
  }
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__body-inner {
  min-height: 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__body-inner::before,
[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__img {
  display: none;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__text {
  max-width: 760px;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__desc,
[data-theme="mono"] .thesis-pillar__feature-fit {
  font-weight: 400;
}

/* ------ 20n. Highlight items ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .highlight-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .highlight-item:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .highlight-item:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .highlight-item:hover .highlight-item__name {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ------ 20o. Project cards ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .project-card {
  border-radius: 0;
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .project-card:hover {
  box-shadow: none;
  transform: none;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .project-card__image img {
  filter: grayscale(20%);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .project-card__body {
  padding: var(--sp-5) 0;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .project-card__label {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .project-card:hover .project-card__label-underscore {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ------ 20p. Knowledge items ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .knowledge-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .knowledge-item:first-child {
  border-top: none;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .knowledge-item:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

/* ------ 20p. Footer: full SVG dark panel, light text ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .site-footer {
  background-color: var(--mono-dark);
  background-image: url('../img/mono-panel.svg');
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  border-top: none;
  color: var(--mono-dark-text);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .site-footer .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

[data-theme="mono"] .footer-brand__tagline {
  color: var(--mono-dark-secondary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .footer-links__heading {
  color: var(--mono-dark-text);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .footer-links a {
  color: var(--mono-dark-secondary);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .footer-bottom {
  border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: var(--mono-dark-muted);
}

/* ------ 20q. Text links + divider ------ */
[data-theme="mono"] .text-link {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .text-link:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
}

[data-theme="mono"] .divider {
  border-color: var(--color-border);
}


/* ------ 20s. Tablet: shrink hero decoration ------ */
@media (max-width: 1100px) and (min-width: 769px) {
  [data-theme="mono"] .hero::after {
    width: 160px;
    height: 160px;
    background-size: 700px auto;
  }
}

/* ------ 20t. Mobile ------ */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  [data-theme="mono"] .nav-links {
    background: var(--color-bg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  }

  /* Hero: disable flex push on small screens, stack naturally */
  [data-theme="mono"] .hero {
    min-height: 0;
    padding-block: var(--sp-12);
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .hero__title {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .hero > .container {
    flex: none;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .hero__body {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .hero__media {
    margin-block: calc(-1 * var(--sp-12)) var(--sp-12);
    height: calc(clamp(72px, 18vw, 108px) + var(--sp-12));
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .hero::after {
    display: none;
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .page-section {
    padding-block: var(--sp-10);
  }

  [data-theme="mono"] .page-section--sm {
    padding-block: var(--sp-8);
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .hero__media video {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__media {
    background-image: url('../video/city-aerial-poster-bw.jpg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center 42%;
  }

  .thesis-pillars__media video {
    display: none;
  }
}